南极磷虾油的分级制备及其品质分析

为实现南极磷虾油品质导向的高效制备,实验以全脂南极磷虾粉为原料,以豆油或中链甘油三酯作为载体助溶剂,采用协同超临界CO2萃取技术制备甘油三酯富集型油脂(一级油);再以萃取后的南极磷虾粉饼粕为原料,采用乙醇提取法制备磷脂富集型油脂(二级油).基于所得磷虾油的脂质组成、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺的绝对含量为考察指标,优选了3...     

南大洋抗植物病原真菌活性菌株的筛选及系统发育分析(英文)

[目的]筛选南大洋抗植物病原真菌活性菌株并对其进行系统发育分析及抑菌谱研究。[方法]活性菌株筛选和抑菌谱研究采用平板扩散法,系统发育分析采用Mega4.0软件的邻接法。[结果]以尖刀镰孢菌为指示菌,从第27次南极科考采取的南大洋海水样品中筛选到20株活性菌株。分子鉴定与系统发育分析研究表明,2株活性菌株属于嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter),2株属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),16株属于假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)。对4株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株的抑菌谱研究表明,菌株312-1、83-1、195对尖刀镰孢菌、辣椒疫霉、大丽轮枝菌、番茄早疫病菌、瓜亡革菌、水稻纹枯病菌、芦笋茎枯病菌均具有明显的抑菌效果;除水稻纹枯病菌外,312-2对其他6种植物病原真菌也均有明显的抑菌活性。[结论]4株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株具有较高的研究与开发价值。     

Structure and Steroidogenesis of the Placenta in the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)

There are few reports describing the structure and function of the whale placenta with the advance of pregnancy. In this study, therefore, the placenta and nonpregnant uterus of the Antarctic minke whale were observed morphologically and immunohistochemically. Placentas and nonpregnant uteri were collected from the 15th, 16th and 18th Japanese Whale Research Programme with Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) and 1st JARPA II organized by the Institute of Cetacean Research in Tokyo, Japan. In the macro- and microscopic observations, the placenta of the Antarctic minke whale was a diffuse and epitheliochorial placenta. The chorion was interdigitated to the endometrium by primary, secondary and tertiary villi, which contained no specialized trophoblast cells such as binucleate cells, and the interdigitation became complicated with the progress of gestation. Furthermore, fetal and maternal blood vessels indented deeply into the trophoblast cells and endometrial epithelium respectively with fetal growth. The minke whale placenta showed a fold-like shape as opposed to a finger-like shape. In both nonpregnant and pregnant uteri, many uterine glands were distributed. The uterine glands in the superficial layer of the pregnant endometrium had a wide lumen and large epithelial cells as compared with those in the deep layer. On the other hand, in the nonpregnant endometrium, the uterine glands had a narrower lumen and smaller epithelial cells than in the pregnant endometrium. In immunohistochemical detection, immunoreactivity for P450scc was detected in most trophoblast cells, but not in nonpregnant uteri, suggesting that trophoblast epithelial cells synthesized and secreted the sex steroid hormones and/or their precursors to maintain the pregnancy in the Antarctic minke whale.     

标准化船载加工模式中南极磷虾脱壳加工的虾水配比关键技术

为满足南极资源开发需求,解决目前船载南极磷虾脱壳加工装备无序发展,虾水配比关键技术缺乏导致脱壳运行稳定性差等问题.本研究采用机理分析法,基于国内某南极磷虾专业捕捞加工船的南极磷虾脱壳生产线,结合产业发展需求等,建立南极磷虾脱壳加工的标准化船载加工模式.采用机理分析法,结合质量守恒定律、狄克松准则及数据融合滤波算法等,构...     

南极冰藻Chlorophyceae L4抗氧化酶活性对温度升高的响应

为了阐明南极冰藻Chlorophyceae L4抗氧化酶活性对温度升高的响应以及了解冰藻细胞内抗氧化酶系统对活性氧自由基的清除作用，对不同温度下（包括最适温度6℃、高于最适温度10℃和15℃）Chlorophyceae L4细胞中自由基的产生速率、丙二醛含量的变化和相应的抗氧化酶系统活性的变化进行了测定。结果表明，在环境温度高于最适生长温度的初期（24～72h），Chlorophyceae L4中自由基产生速率、丙二醛含量迅速提高，但随后（96～144h）很快降低，恢复到细胞能容忍的水平。各种抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性在初期显著降低，但随后响应温度的变化很快升高，明显比对照组的高，而且温度越高酶活性增幅越高。     

Analysis of aggregative behavior of Pseudomonas sp. 30-3 isolated from Antarctic soil

Pseudomonas sp. 30-3, a toluene degrading microorganism isolated from oil-contaminated Antarctic soils, was shown to form aggregated flocs of cells when exposed to temperatures of 22 and 4 °C, with an increase in aggregation at 4 °C. This was speculated to be due to the secretion of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), thus protecting the organism from cold or frost damage. The flocs of cells were stained with the Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability kit and found to be viable cells. The EPS was identified by lectin binding analysis to consist of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid. An enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay was also carried out to quantify the amount of EPS produced at 37, 22 and 4 °C. Results showed that at 37 °C the amount of EPS secreted was low, but there was little difference in the amount of EPS secreted at 22 and 4 °C by Pseudomonas sp. 30-3.     

Relationships between CPUE fluctuation of southern bluefin tuna and ocean temperature variability in the Central Indian Ocean

In this study, catch and effort data of southern bluefin tuna (SBT) from Taiwan longliners operating in the Central Indian Ocean (CIO) during 1982 to 2003 were compiled and their catch per unit effort (CPUE) was standardized using the generalized linear model (GLM). The GLM includes factors such as year, season, by-catch, latitude, sea surface temperature (SST) and the interactive effects among factors. The standardized CPUE and its relationship with SST fluctuation were then analyzed to understand the effects of fishing ground SST variations on CPUE of SBT, as well as their connection to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The standardized CPUE in the CIO seemed to oscillate with the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) between 30 and 50°S where SSTA fluctuations were prolonged and slower than the ENSO cycle. It is then very likely that fishing conditions at the CIO fishing ground were influenced by the expansion of the cold water mass from the Southern Ocean, and the colder SST is beneficial to increasing SBT catch rate.     

Effect of protein hydrolysate from Antarctic krill meat on the state of water and denaturation by dehydration of lizard fish myofibrils

ABSTRACT: To utilize Antarctic krill as functional food, protein hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. Their effects on the state of water in myofibrils of lizard fish and dehydration-induced denaturation were compared with those from two species of shrimp, glucose, and sodium glutamate. Peptides are major components in hydrolysates, occupying approximately 85–93% of the total materials. The Antarctic krill protein hydrolysates stabilized the bonding of water molecules, leading to suppressed denaturation of myofibrils during the dehydration process. Similar effects were observed for shrimp protein hydrolysates. The effect of the hydrolysate was less than that by glucose and sodium glutamate.     

Seasonal variation of crude digestive protease activity in antarctic krill <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphausia superba</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Crude krill digestive protease (CKP) was extracted on board a fishing vessel from fresh whole krill caught around the Antarctic Peninsula, and its protease activity was measured by using the azocasein method. CKP activity was high from December to February (in summer) and was low from March to August (in winter). CKP activity and mean feed intake index had a high correlation coefficient by Pearson's correlation coefficient test ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that the seasonal variation of CKP activity coincides with the seasonal prevalence of some phytoplanktons as feed for krill. In summer, phytoplankton is plentiful so that krill feed on them and the krill protease activity remains high, but in winter phytoplankton abundance is low and krill do not have to keep their proteolytic activity high.     

影响酶法回收南极磷虾壳中蛋白质及虾青素的因素研究

[目的]研究影响酶法回收南极磷虾加工下脚料中的蛋白质及虾青素的因素,以期在提取虾壳中蛋白质的同时又能将虾青素回收,增强蛋白质的应用价值.[方法]以南极磷虾加工下脚料为原料,采用酶解法提取虾青素与蛋白质,考察在碱性蛋白酶作用下不同加热温度、酶底比、加热时间、pH对蛋白质和虾青素回收的影响.[结果]经试验确定,以Alcalase碱性蛋白酶为提取剂,酶解时间2h,酶底比为3 750 U/g,pH 8.5,酶解温度为50℃时,蛋白质的提取率最高;酶解时间为2h,酶底比3 750 U/g,pH 8.5,酶解温度为55℃时,虾青素的提取率最高.[结论]研究可为南极磷虾加工下脚料的综合开发利用提供参考依据.